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5. FIRST AID IN CASE OF POISONING AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Contents

5.1. Introduction.

5.2. Clinical Signs of Poisoning.

5.3. First Aid in Case of Poisoning.

5.3.1. Poisoning with Sweetdamp (Carbon Monoxide).

5.3.2. Poisoning with Concentrated Acids and Strong Caustics.

5.3.3. In Case of Poisoning with Medicaments and Drugs.

5.3.4. Food Toxicoinfection.

5.1. INTRODUCTION

Poisoning - is an affection of the organism caused by chemical substance (poison) interfering with functions of skin and tissues. Acuteness of poisoning depends on the dose, concentration, elimination rate and ways of delivery of the poison to the organism.

Routs of the toxic substances penetration to the organism are multiple: through digestive tract, airways, skin, mucous covers. Over 90% of all poisonings relate to everyday life and are caused by occasional or deliberate (suicide) consumption of any chemical substances (overdosing of self-administered medication, alcohol intoxications, poisonous mushrooms and herbs consumed by mistake, asps and insects bites).

5.2. CLINICAL SIGNS OF POISONING

Clinical signs of poisoning include syndrome of intoxication which intensity depends on the poisoning severity (nausea, vomiting, headache, pain in muscles) and specific lesions depending on the way the toxin influences the organism.

• Syndrome of nervous system disturbance - headache, convulsions, impairment of consciousness, somatic and vegetative disturbances (mydriasis, changed sweat secretion, salvation and thermoregulation etc.).

•Syndrome of disturbed circulation - change in vascular tone and permeability, lowered diastolic blood-pressure (barbiturates, nitrites, reserpine, acids), increased diastolic blood-pressure (adrenalin, carbonic oxide, lead), bradycardia (organophosphorous compounds, opium derivatives, barbiturates), tachycardia (nicotine acid, adrenaline and ephedrine, atropine sulfate).

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