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26. TYPICAL FORMS OF PATHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND

I. Excess of thyroid hormones in the body causes:

1. Stimulation of the glycogenolytic effect of epinephrine.

2. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis through increasing the availability of lactate and glycerol.

3. Stimulation of the intestinal glucose absorption.

4. Protein catabolic effect.

5. Inhibition of basal metabolic rate.

6. Inhibition of the myelination and arborisation of neurons in the brain.

II. Hyperthyroidism may result from an excessive release of the following hormones:

1. Thyroxine.

2. Triiodothyronine.

3. Oxytocin.

4. Aldosterone.

5. Thyroid stimulating hormone.

6. Thyrotropine releasing factor.

7. Prolactin.

III. Which of the following disorders may be accompanied by the development of thyrotoxicosis?

1. Graves' disease.

2. Adenoma of the thyroid gland.

3. Toxic multinodular goiter.

4. Iodbasedow phenomenon.

5. Subacute thyroiditis.

6. Late stages of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

7. Following withdrawal of suppressive thyroid therapy.

8. Endemic goiter.

IV. Neurological manifestations of hyperthyroidism include the following:

1. Emotional lability.

2. Disorders to sleep.

3. Tremors.

4. Nervousness.

5. Fatigue.

6. Lethargy.

7. Slowed intellectual and motor activity.

8. Cerebral ataxia.

V. Hyperthyroid state is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. Diarrhea.

2. Excessive sweating.

3. Heat intolerance.

4. Weight loss.

5. Increased appetite.

6. Stare with widened palpebral fissures.

7. Periorbital puffiness.

8. Constipation.

VI. Which of the following disorders or conditions may be accompanied by the development of hypothyroidism?

1. Panhypopituitarism.

2. Hashimoto's disease.

3. Following withdrawal of suppressive thyroid therapy.

4. Treatment by high doses of iodides.

5. Surgical ablation of the thyroid gland for the treatment of Graves' disease.

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