CLASSIFICATION
Classification of periapical lesions can be based on clinical presentations at a given time point; it may shift from one diagnosis to another, with time. Clinical manifestations that are used to make a periapical diagnosis are derived from:
1) patient?s complaints and past history (subjective information);
2) clinical findings and radiograph (objective data).
There are several classifications of periapical diseases. Below Grossman?s classification and ICD-10 are described. Grossman's classification.
1. Acute periradicular disease.
• Acute apical periodontitis (AAP) (symptomatic periodontitis).
- Vital.
- Nonvital.
• Acute alveolar abscess.
• Acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis (phoenix abscess).
2. Chronic periradicular disease with areas of rarefaction.
• Chronic apical periodontitis.
- Chronic alveolar abscess.
- Periapical granuloma.
- Cystic apical periodontitis.
• Persistent apical periodontitis.
3. Condensing osteitis.
4. External root resorption.
5. Disease of the periradicular tissues of nonendodontic origin.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision WHO Version 2016 (ICD-10)
Chapter XI Diseases of the digestive system (K00-К93) (K00-K14) Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws
► K 04.4 - Acute apical periodontitis of pulpal origin
► K 04.5 - Chronic apical periodontitis (apical granuloma)
► K 04.6 - Periapical abscess with sinus
• K 04.60 - Periapical abscess with sinus to maxillary antrum
• K 04.61 - Periapical abscess with sinus to nasal cavity
• K 04.62 - Periapical abscess with sinus to oral cavity
• K 04.63 - Periapical abscess with sinus to skin
► K 04.7 - Periapical abscess without sinus